advent_of_code/2019/day20_donut_maze/challenge.txt
2023-03-26 09:53:09 +02:00

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You notice a strange pattern on the surface of Pluto and land nearby to get a closer look. Upon closer inspection, you realize you've come across one of the famous space-warping mazes of the long-lost Pluto civilization!
Because there isn't much space on Pluto, the civilization that used to live here thrived by inventing a method for folding spacetime. Although the technology is no longer understood, mazes like this one provide a small glimpse into the daily life of an ancient Pluto citizen.
This maze is shaped like a [donut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus). Portals along the inner and outer edge of the donut can instantly teleport you from one side to the other. For example:
```
A
A
#######.#########
#######.........#
#######.#######.#
#######.#######.#
#######.#######.#
##### B ###.#
BC...## C ###.#
##.## ###.#
##...DE F ###.#
##### G ###.#
#########.#####.#
DE..#######...###.#
#.#########.###.#
FG..#########.....#
###########.#####
Z
Z
```
This map of the maze shows solid walls (`#`) and open passages (`.`). Every maze on Pluto has a start (the open tile next to `AA`) and an end (the open tile next to `ZZ`). Mazes on Pluto also have portals; this maze has three pairs of portals: `BC`, `DE`, and `FG`. When on an open tile next to one of these labels, a single step can take you to the other tile with the same label. (You can only walk on `.` tiles; labels and empty space are not traversable.)
One path through the maze doesn't require any portals. Starting at `AA`, you could go down 1, right 8, down 12, left 4, and down 1 to reach `ZZ`, a total of 26 steps.
However, there is a shorter path: You could walk from `AA` to the inner `BC` portal (4 steps), warp to the outer `BC` portal (1 step), walk to the inner `DE` (6 steps), warp to the outer `DE` (1 step), walk to the outer `FG` (4 steps), warp to the inner `FG` (1 step), and finally walk to `ZZ` (6 steps). In total, this is only *23* steps.
Here is a larger example:
```
A
A
#################.#############
#.#...#...................#.#.#
#.#.#.###.###.###.#########.#.#
#.#.#.......#...#.....#.#.#...#
#.#########.###.#####.#.#.###.#
#.............#.#.....#.......#
###.###########.###.#####.#.#.#
#.....# A C #.#.#.#
####### S P #####.#
#.#...# #......VT
#.#.#.# #.#####
#...#.# YN....#.#
#.###.# #####.#
DI....#.# #.....#
#####.# #.###.#
ZZ......# QG....#..AS
###.### #######
JO..#.#.# #.....#
#.#.#.# ###.#.#
#...#..DI BU....#..LF
#####.# #.#####
YN......# VT..#....QG
#.###.# #.###.#
#.#...# #.....#
###.### J L J #.#.###
#.....# O F P #.#...#
#.###.#####.#.#####.#####.###.#
#...#.#.#...#.....#.....#.#...#
#.#####.###.###.#.#.#########.#
#...#.#.....#...#.#.#.#.....#.#
#.###.#####.###.###.#.#.#######
#.#.........#...#.............#
#########.###.###.#############
B J C
U P P
```
Here, `AA` has no direct path to `ZZ`, but it does connect to `AS` and `CP`. By passing through `AS`, `QG`, `BU`, and `JO`, you can reach `ZZ` in *58* steps.
In your maze, *how many steps does it take to get from the open tile marked `AA` to the open tile marked `ZZ`?*
Your puzzle answer was `400`.
\--- Part Two ---
----------
Strangely, the exit isn't open when you reach it. Then, you remember: the ancient Plutonians were famous for building *recursive spaces*.
The marked connections in the maze aren't portals: they *physically connect* to a larger or smaller copy of the maze. Specifically, the labeled tiles around the inside edge actually connect to a smaller copy of the same maze, and the smaller copy's inner labeled tiles connect to yet a *smaller* copy, and so on.
When you enter the maze, you are at the outermost level; when at the outermost level, only the outer labels `AA` and `ZZ` function (as the start and end, respectively); all other outer labeled tiles are effectively walls. At any other level, `AA` and `ZZ` count as walls, but the other outer labeled tiles bring you one level outward.
Your goal is to find a path through the maze that brings you back to `ZZ` at the outermost level of the maze.
In the first example above, the shortest path is now the loop around the right side. If the starting level is `0`, then taking the previously-shortest path would pass through `BC` (to level `1`), `DE` (to level `2`), and `FG` (back to level `1`). Because this is not the outermost level, `ZZ` is a wall, and the only option is to go back around to `BC`, which would only send you even deeper into the recursive maze.
In the second example above, there is no path that brings you to `ZZ` at the outermost level.
Here is a more interesting example:
```
Z L X W C
Z P Q B K
###########.#.#.#.#######.###############
#...#.......#.#.......#.#.......#.#.#...#
###.#.#.#.#.#.#.#.###.#.#.#######.#.#.###
#.#...#.#.#...#.#.#...#...#...#.#.......#
#.###.#######.###.###.#.###.###.#.#######
#...#.......#.#...#...#.............#...#
#.#########.#######.#.#######.#######.###
#...#.# F R I Z #.#.#.#
#.###.# D E C H #.#.#.#
#.#...# #...#.#
#.###.# #.###.#
#.#....OA WB..#.#..ZH
#.###.# #.#.#.#
CJ......# #.....#
####### #######
#.#....CK #......IC
#.###.# #.###.#
#.....# #...#.#
###.### #.#.#.#
XF....#.# RF..#.#.#
#####.# #######
#......CJ NM..#...#
###.#.# #.###.#
RE....#.# #......RF
###.### X X L #.#.#.#
#.....# F Q P #.#.#.#
###.###########.###.#######.#########.###
#.....#...#.....#.......#...#.....#.#...#
#####.#.###.#######.#######.###.###.#.#.#
#.......#.......#.#.#.#.#...#...#...#.#.#
#####.###.#####.#.#.#.#.###.###.#.###.###
#.......#.....#.#...#...............#...#
#############.#.#.###.###################
A O F N
A A D M
```
One shortest path through the maze is the following:
* Walk from `AA` to `XF` (16 steps)
* Recurse into level 1 through `XF` (1 step)
* Walk from `XF` to `CK` (10 steps)
* Recurse into level 2 through `CK` (1 step)
* Walk from `CK` to `ZH` (14 steps)
* Recurse into level 3 through `ZH` (1 step)
* Walk from `ZH` to `WB` (10 steps)
* Recurse into level 4 through `WB` (1 step)
* Walk from `WB` to `IC` (10 steps)
* Recurse into level 5 through `IC` (1 step)
* Walk from `IC` to `RF` (10 steps)
* Recurse into level 6 through `RF` (1 step)
* Walk from `RF` to `NM` (8 steps)
* Recurse into level 7 through `NM` (1 step)
* Walk from `NM` to `LP` (12 steps)
* Recurse into level 8 through `LP` (1 step)
* Walk from `LP` to `FD` (24 steps)
* Recurse into level 9 through `FD` (1 step)
* Walk from `FD` to `XQ` (8 steps)
* Recurse into level 10 through `XQ` (1 step)
* Walk from `XQ` to `WB` (4 steps)
* Return to level 9 through `WB` (1 step)
* Walk from `WB` to `ZH` (10 steps)
* Return to level 8 through `ZH` (1 step)
* Walk from `ZH` to `CK` (14 steps)
* Return to level 7 through `CK` (1 step)
* Walk from `CK` to `XF` (10 steps)
* Return to level 6 through `XF` (1 step)
* Walk from `XF` to `OA` (14 steps)
* Return to level 5 through `OA` (1 step)
* Walk from `OA` to `CJ` (8 steps)
* Return to level 4 through `CJ` (1 step)
* Walk from `CJ` to `RE` (8 steps)
* Return to level 3 through `RE` (1 step)
* Walk from `RE` to `IC` (4 steps)
* Recurse into level 4 through `IC` (1 step)
* Walk from `IC` to `RF` (10 steps)
* Recurse into level 5 through `RF` (1 step)
* Walk from `RF` to `NM` (8 steps)
* Recurse into level 6 through `NM` (1 step)
* Walk from `NM` to `LP` (12 steps)
* Recurse into level 7 through `LP` (1 step)
* Walk from `LP` to `FD` (24 steps)
* Recurse into level 8 through `FD` (1 step)
* Walk from `FD` to `XQ` (8 steps)
* Recurse into level 9 through `XQ` (1 step)
* Walk from `XQ` to `WB` (4 steps)
* Return to level 8 through `WB` (1 step)
* Walk from `WB` to `ZH` (10 steps)
* Return to level 7 through `ZH` (1 step)
* Walk from `ZH` to `CK` (14 steps)
* Return to level 6 through `CK` (1 step)
* Walk from `CK` to `XF` (10 steps)
* Return to level 5 through `XF` (1 step)
* Walk from `XF` to `OA` (14 steps)
* Return to level 4 through `OA` (1 step)
* Walk from `OA` to `CJ` (8 steps)
* Return to level 3 through `CJ` (1 step)
* Walk from `CJ` to `RE` (8 steps)
* Return to level 2 through `RE` (1 step)
* Walk from `RE` to `XQ` (14 steps)
* Return to level 1 through `XQ` (1 step)
* Walk from `XQ` to `FD` (8 steps)
* Return to level 0 through `FD` (1 step)
* Walk from `FD` to `ZZ` (18 steps)
This path takes a total of *396* steps to move from `AA` at the outermost layer to `ZZ` at the outermost layer.
In your maze, when accounting for recursion, *how many steps does it take to get from the open tile marked `AA` to the open tile marked `ZZ`, both at the outermost layer?*
Your puzzle answer was `4986`.
Both parts of this puzzle are complete! They provide two gold stars: \*\*
At this point, you should [return to your Advent calendar](/2019) and try another puzzle.
If you still want to see it, you can [get your puzzle input](20/input).