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13
2024/day16_reindeer_maze/Cargo.toml Normal file
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[package]
name = "day16_reindeer_maze"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
[dependencies]
[dev-dependencies]
criterion = "0.5.1"
[[bench]]
name = "test_benchmark"
harness = false

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2024/day16_reindeer_maze/challenge.md Normal file
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It's time again for the [Reindeer Olympics](/2015/day/14)! This year, the big event is the *Reindeer Maze*, where the Reindeer compete for the *lowest score*.
You and The Historians arrive to search for the Chief right as the event is about to start. It wouldn't hurt to watch a little, right?
The Reindeer start on the Start Tile (marked `S`) facing *East* and need to reach the End Tile (marked `E`). They can move forward one tile at a time (increasing their score by `1` point), but never into a wall (`#`). They can also rotate clockwise or counterclockwise 90 degrees at a time (increasing their score by `1000` points).
To figure out the best place to sit, you start by grabbing a map (your puzzle input) from a nearby kiosk. For example:
```
###############
#.......#....E#
#.#.###.#.###.#
#.....#.#...#.#
#.###.#####.#.#
#.#.#.......#.#
#.#.#####.###.#
#...........#.#
###.#.#####.#.#
#...#.....#.#.#
#.#.#.###.#.#.#
#.....#...#.#.#
#.###.#.#.#.#.#
#S..#.....#...#
###############
```
There are many paths through this maze, but taking any of the best paths would incur a score of only `*7036*`. This can be achieved by taking a total of `36` steps forward and turning 90 degrees a total of `7` times:
```
###############
#.......#....E#
#.#.###.#.###^#
#.....#.#...#^#
#.###.#####.#^#
#.#.#.......#^#
#.#.#####.###^#
#..>>>>>>>>v#^#
###^#.#####v#^#
#>>^#.....#v#^#
#^#.#.###.#v#^#
#^....#...#v#^#
#^###.#.#.#v#^#
#S..#.....#>>^#
###############
```
Here's a second example:
```
#################
#...#...#...#..E#
#.#.#.#.#.#.#.#.#
#.#.#.#...#...#.#
#.#.#.#.###.#.#.#
#...#.#.#.....#.#
#.#.#.#.#.#####.#
#.#...#.#.#.....#
#.#.#####.#.###.#
#.#.#.......#...#
#.#.###.#####.###
#.#.#...#.....#.#
#.#.#.#####.###.#
#.#.#.........#.#
#.#.#.#########.#
#S#.............#
#################
```
In this maze, the best paths cost `*11048*` points; following one such path would look like this:
```
#################
#...#...#...#..E#
#.#.#.#.#.#.#.#^#
#.#.#.#...#...#^#
#.#.#.#.###.#.#^#
#>>v#.#.#.....#^#
#^#v#.#.#.#####^#
#^#v..#.#.#>>>>^#
#^#v#####.#^###.#
#^#v#..>>>>^#...#
#^#v###^#####.###
#^#v#>>^#.....#.#
#^#v#^#####.###.#
#^#v#^........#.#
#^#v#^#########.#
#S#>>^..........#
#################
```
Note that the path shown above includes one 90 degree turn as the very first move, rotating the Reindeer from facing East to facing North.
Analyze your map carefully. *What is the lowest score a Reindeer could possibly get?*
Your puzzle answer was `101492`.
\--- Part Two ---
----------
Now that you know what the best paths look like, you can figure out the best spot to sit.
Every non-wall tile (`S`, `.`, or `E`) is equipped with places to sit along the edges of the tile. While determining which of these tiles would be the best spot to sit depends on a whole bunch of factors (how comfortable the seats are, how far away the bathrooms are, whether there's a pillar blocking your view, etc.), the most important factor is *whether the tile is on one of the best paths through the maze*. If you sit somewhere else, you'd miss all the action!
So, you'll need to determine which tiles are part of *any* best path through the maze, including the `S` and `E` tiles.
In the first example, there are `*45*` tiles (marked `O`) that are part of at least one of the various best paths through the maze:
```
###############
#.......#....O#
#.#.###.#.###O#
#.....#.#...#O#
#.###.#####.#O#
#.#.#.......#O#
#.#.#####.###O#
#..OOOOOOOOO#O#
###O#O#####O#O#
#OOO#O....#O#O#
#O#O#O###.#O#O#
#OOOOO#...#O#O#
#O###.#.#.#O#O#
#O..#.....#OOO#
###############
```
In the second example, there are `*64*` tiles that are part of at least one of the best paths:
```
#################
#...#...#...#..O#
#.#.#.#.#.#.#.#O#
#.#.#.#...#...#O#
#.#.#.#.###.#.#O#
#OOO#.#.#.....#O#
#O#O#.#.#.#####O#
#O#O..#.#.#OOOOO#
#O#O#####.#O###O#
#O#O#..OOOOO#OOO#
#O#O###O#####O###
#O#O#OOO#..OOO#.#
#O#O#O#####O###.#
#O#O#OOOOOOO..#.#
#O#O#O#########.#
#O#OOO..........#
#################
```
Analyze your map further. *How many tiles are part of at least one of the best paths through the maze?*
Your puzzle answer was `543`.
Both parts of this puzzle are complete! They provide two gold stars: \*\*
At this point, you should [return to your Advent calendar](/2024) and try another puzzle.
If you still want to see it, you can [get your puzzle input](16/input).

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2024/day16_reindeer_maze/src/lib.rs Normal file
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use core::fmt::Display;
use std::{cmp::Ordering, collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet}};
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ParseError {
EmptyMap,
InvalidTile(char),
NoEnd,
NoStart,
}
impl Display for ParseError {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
match self {
Self::EmptyMap => write!(f, "Map cannot be empty"),
Self::InvalidTile(e) => write!(f, "Unable to parse {e} into a map tile. Only '#', '.', 'S', and 'E' are allowed."),
Self::NoEnd => write!(f, "No end point ('E') found in input"),
Self::NoStart => write!(f, "No starting point ('E') found in input"),
}
}
}
type Coordinates = (isize, isize);
struct Map {
walls: HashSet<Coordinates>,
start: Coordinates,
end: Coordinates,
}
impl TryFrom<&str> for Map {
type Error = ParseError;
fn try_from(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
let mut walls = HashSet::new();
let mut start = None;
let mut end = None;
for (y, line) in value.lines().enumerate() {
for (x, c) in line.chars().enumerate() {
match c {
'#' => _ = walls.insert((x as isize, y as isize)),
'S' => start = Some((x as isize, y as isize)),
'E' => end = Some((x as isize, y as isize)),
'.' => (),
e => return Err(Self::Error::InvalidTile(e)),
}
}
}
if let Some(start) = start {
if let Some(end) = end {
Ok(Self { walls, start, end, })
} else {
Err(Self::Error::NoEnd)
}
} else {
Err(Self::Error::NoStart)
}
}
}
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
struct SearchState {
costs: usize,
pos: Coordinates,
facing: Coordinates,
}
impl Map {
fn solve(&self) -> (usize, Vec<Coordinates>) {
let start = SearchState {
costs: 0,
pos: self.start,
facing: (1, 0),
};
let mut open_set = BTreeSet::from([start]);
let mut visited = HashSet::new();
let mut came_from: HashMap<(Coordinates, Coordinates), (Vec<Coordinates>, usize)> = HashMap::new();
let mut best_costs = usize::MAX;
while let Some(curr) = open_set.pop_first() {
if curr.costs > best_costs {
break;
}
if curr.pos == self.end {
best_costs = curr.costs
}
if visited.contains(&(curr.pos, curr.facing)) {
continue;
}
visited.insert((curr.pos, curr.facing));
neighbours(curr.pos, curr.facing)
.iter()
.filter(|(pos, _facing, _costs)| !self.walls.contains(pos))
.for_each(|&(pos, facing, addidtional_costs)| {
let costs = curr.costs + addidtional_costs;
open_set.insert(SearchState { pos, facing, costs, });
came_from.entry((pos, facing))
.and_modify(|(was_facing, best_costs)| {
match costs.cmp(best_costs) {
Ordering::Less => *was_facing = Vec::from([curr.facing]),
Ordering::Equal => was_facing.push(curr.facing),
Ordering::Greater => (),
}
}).or_insert((Vec::from([curr.facing]), costs));
});
}
let mut path = Vec::from([self.end]);
let mut open = came_from.keys().filter(|(pos, _facing)| *pos == self.end).copied().collect::<Vec<_>>();
while let Some(this) = open.pop() {
came_from.get(&this)
.unwrap()
.0
.iter()
.for_each(|prev_facing| {
let prev_pos = (this.0.0 - prev_facing.0, this.0.1 - prev_facing.1);
if !path.contains(&prev_pos) && this.0 != self.start {
path.push(prev_pos);
open.push((prev_pos, *prev_facing));
}
});
}
(best_costs, path)
}
}
fn neighbours(pos: Coordinates, facing: Coordinates) -> [(Coordinates, Coordinates, usize); 4] {
[
((pos.0+facing.0, pos.1+facing.1), facing, 1), // go ahead
(pos, (facing.1, facing.0), 1000), // turn one way
(pos, (-facing.1, -facing.0), 1000), // turn other way
(pos, (-facing.0, -facing.1), 2000), // turn around
]
}
pub fn run(input: &str) -> Result<(usize, usize), ParseError> {
let map = Map::try_from(input)?;
let path = map.solve();
let first = path.0;
let second = path.1.len();
Ok((first, second))
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
use std::fs::read_to_string;
fn read_file(name: &str) -> String {
read_to_string(name).expect(&format!("Unable to read file: {name}")[..]).trim().to_string()
}
#[test]
fn test_sample() {
let sample_input = read_file("tests/sample_input");
assert_eq!(run(&sample_input), Ok((7036, 45)));
}
#[test]
fn test_challenge() {
let challenge_input = read_file("tests/challenge_input");
assert_eq!(run(&challenge_input), Ok((101492, 543)));
}
}

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15
2024/day16_reindeer_maze/tests/sample_input Normal file
View file

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