Add 2024 Day 16

2024/day16_reindeer_maze/Cargo.toml

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+[package]
+name = "day16_reindeer_maze"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+criterion = "0.5.1"
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "test_benchmark"
+harness = false

2024/day16_reindeer_maze/challenge.md

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+It's time again for the [Reindeer Olympics](/2015/day/14)! This year, the big event is the *Reindeer Maze*, where the Reindeer compete for the *lowest score*.
+
+You and The Historians arrive to search for the Chief right as the event is about to start. It wouldn't hurt to watch a little, right?
+
+The Reindeer start on the Start Tile (marked `S`) facing *East* and need to reach the End Tile (marked `E`). They can move forward one tile at a time (increasing their score by `1` point), but never into a wall (`#`). They can also rotate clockwise or counterclockwise 90 degrees at a time (increasing their score by `1000` points).
+
+To figure out the best place to sit, you start by grabbing a map (your puzzle input) from a nearby kiosk. For example:
+
+```
+###############
+#.......#....E#
+#.#.###.#.###.#
+#.....#.#...#.#
+#.###.#####.#.#
+#.#.#.......#.#
+#.#.#####.###.#
+#...........#.#
+###.#.#####.#.#
+#...#.....#.#.#
+#.#.#.###.#.#.#
+#.....#...#.#.#
+#.###.#.#.#.#.#
+#S..#.....#...#
+###############
+
+```
+
+There are many paths through this maze, but taking any of the best paths would incur a score of only `*7036*`. This can be achieved by taking a total of `36` steps forward and turning 90 degrees a total of `7` times:
+
+```
+
+###############
+#.......#....E#
+#.#.###.#.###^#
+#.....#.#...#^#
+#.###.#####.#^#
+#.#.#.......#^#
+#.#.#####.###^#
+#..>>>>>>>>v#^#
+###^#.#####v#^#
+#>>^#.....#v#^#
+#^#.#.###.#v#^#
+#^....#...#v#^#
+#^###.#.#.#v#^#
+#S..#.....#>>^#
+###############
+
+```
+
+Here's a second example:
+
+```
+#################
+#...#...#...#..E#
+#.#.#.#.#.#.#.#.#
+#.#.#.#...#...#.#
+#.#.#.#.###.#.#.#
+#...#.#.#.....#.#
+#.#.#.#.#.#####.#
+#.#...#.#.#.....#
+#.#.#####.#.###.#
+#.#.#.......#...#
+#.#.###.#####.###
+#.#.#...#.....#.#
+#.#.#.#####.###.#
+#.#.#.........#.#
+#.#.#.#########.#
+#S#.............#
+#################
+
+```
+
+In this maze, the best paths cost `*11048*` points; following one such path would look like this:
+
+```
+#################
+#...#...#...#..E#
+#.#.#.#.#.#.#.#^#
+#.#.#.#...#...#^#
+#.#.#.#.###.#.#^#
+#>>v#.#.#.....#^#
+#^#v#.#.#.#####^#
+#^#v..#.#.#>>>>^#
+#^#v#####.#^###.#
+#^#v#..>>>>^#...#
+#^#v###^#####.###
+#^#v#>>^#.....#.#
+#^#v#^#####.###.#
+#^#v#^........#.#
+#^#v#^#########.#
+#S#>>^..........#
+#################
+
+```
+
+Note that the path shown above includes one 90 degree turn as the very first move, rotating the Reindeer from facing East to facing North.
+
+Analyze your map carefully. *What is the lowest score a Reindeer could possibly get?*
+
+Your puzzle answer was `101492`.
+
+\--- Part Two ---
+----------
+
+Now that you know what the best paths look like, you can figure out the best spot to sit.
+
+Every non-wall tile (`S`, `.`, or `E`) is equipped with places to sit along the edges of the tile. While determining which of these tiles would be the best spot to sit depends on a whole bunch of factors (how comfortable the seats are, how far away the bathrooms are, whether there's a pillar blocking your view, etc.), the most important factor is *whether the tile is on one of the best paths through the maze*. If you sit somewhere else, you'd miss all the action!
+
+So, you'll need to determine which tiles are part of *any* best path through the maze, including the `S` and `E` tiles.
+
+In the first example, there are `*45*` tiles (marked `O`) that are part of at least one of the various best paths through the maze:
+
+```
+###############
+#.......#....O#
+#.#.###.#.###O#
+#.....#.#...#O#
+#.###.#####.#O#
+#.#.#.......#O#
+#.#.#####.###O#
+#..OOOOOOOOO#O#
+###O#O#####O#O#
+#OOO#O....#O#O#
+#O#O#O###.#O#O#
+#OOOOO#...#O#O#
+#O###.#.#.#O#O#
+#O..#.....#OOO#
+###############
+
+```
+
+In the second example, there are `*64*` tiles that are part of at least one of the best paths:
+
+```
+#################
+#...#...#...#..O#
+#.#.#.#.#.#.#.#O#
+#.#.#.#...#...#O#
+#.#.#.#.###.#.#O#
+#OOO#.#.#.....#O#
+#O#O#.#.#.#####O#
+#O#O..#.#.#OOOOO#
+#O#O#####.#O###O#
+#O#O#..OOOOO#OOO#
+#O#O###O#####O###
+#O#O#OOO#..OOO#.#
+#O#O#O#####O###.#
+#O#O#OOOOOOO..#.#
+#O#O#O#########.#
+#O#OOO..........#
+#################
+
+```
+
+Analyze your map further. *How many tiles are part of at least one of the best paths through the maze?*
+
+Your puzzle answer was `543`.
+
+Both parts of this puzzle are complete! They provide two gold stars: \*\*
+
+At this point, you should [return to your Advent calendar](/2024) and try another puzzle.
+
+If you still want to see it, you can [get your puzzle input](16/input).

2024/day16_reindeer_maze/src/lib.rs

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+use core::fmt::Display;
+use std::{cmp::Ordering, collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet}};
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ParseError {
+    EmptyMap,
+    InvalidTile(char),
+    NoEnd,
+    NoStart,
+}
+
+impl Display for ParseError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::EmptyMap => write!(f, "Map cannot be empty"),
+            Self::InvalidTile(e) => write!(f, "Unable to parse {e} into a map tile. Only '#', '.', 'S', and 'E' are allowed."),
+            Self::NoEnd => write!(f, "No end point ('E') found in input"),
+            Self::NoStart => write!(f, "No starting point ('E') found in input"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+type Coordinates = (isize, isize);
+
+struct Map {
+    walls: HashSet<Coordinates>,
+    start: Coordinates,
+    end: Coordinates,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<&str> for Map {
+    type Error = ParseError;
+
+    fn try_from(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let mut walls = HashSet::new();
+        let mut start = None;
+        let mut end = None;
+
+        for (y, line) in value.lines().enumerate() {
+            for (x, c) in line.chars().enumerate() {
+                match c {
+                    '#' => _ = walls.insert((x as isize, y as isize)),
+                    'S' => start = Some((x as isize, y as isize)),
+                    'E' => end = Some((x as isize, y as isize)),
+                    '.' => (),
+                    e => return Err(Self::Error::InvalidTile(e)),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if let Some(start) = start {
+            if let Some(end) = end {
+                Ok(Self { walls, start, end, })
+            } else {
+                Err(Self::Error::NoEnd)
+            }
+        } else {
+            Err(Self::Error::NoStart)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+struct SearchState {
+    costs: usize,
+    pos: Coordinates,
+    facing: Coordinates,
+}
+
+impl Map {
+    fn solve(&self) -> (usize, Vec<Coordinates>) {
+        let start = SearchState {
+            costs: 0,
+            pos: self.start,
+            facing: (1, 0),
+        };
+        let mut open_set = BTreeSet::from([start]);
+        let mut visited = HashSet::new();
+        let mut came_from: HashMap<(Coordinates, Coordinates), (Vec<Coordinates>, usize)> = HashMap::new();
+        let mut best_costs = usize::MAX;
+        while let Some(curr) = open_set.pop_first() {
+            if curr.costs > best_costs {
+                break;
+            }
+            if curr.pos == self.end {
+                best_costs = curr.costs
+            }
+            if visited.contains(&(curr.pos, curr.facing)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            visited.insert((curr.pos, curr.facing));
+            neighbours(curr.pos, curr.facing)
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|(pos, _facing, _costs)| !self.walls.contains(pos))
+                .for_each(|&(pos, facing, addidtional_costs)| {
+                    let costs = curr.costs + addidtional_costs;
+                    open_set.insert(SearchState { pos, facing, costs, });
+                    came_from.entry((pos, facing))
+                        .and_modify(|(was_facing, best_costs)| {
+                            match costs.cmp(best_costs) {
+                                Ordering::Less => *was_facing = Vec::from([curr.facing]),
+                                Ordering::Equal => was_facing.push(curr.facing),
+                                Ordering::Greater => (),
+                            }
+                        }).or_insert((Vec::from([curr.facing]), costs));
+                });
+        }
+        let mut path = Vec::from([self.end]);
+        let mut open = came_from.keys().filter(|(pos, _facing)| *pos == self.end).copied().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        while let Some(this) = open.pop() {
+            came_from.get(&this)
+                .unwrap()
+                .0
+                .iter()
+                .for_each(|prev_facing| {
+                    let prev_pos = (this.0.0 - prev_facing.0, this.0.1 - prev_facing.1);
+                    if !path.contains(&prev_pos) && this.0 != self.start {
+                        path.push(prev_pos);
+                        open.push((prev_pos, *prev_facing));
+                    }
+                });
+        }
+        
+
+        (best_costs, path)
+    }
+}
+
+fn neighbours(pos: Coordinates, facing: Coordinates) -> [(Coordinates, Coordinates, usize); 4] {
+    [
+        ((pos.0+facing.0, pos.1+facing.1), facing, 1),  // go ahead
+        (pos, (facing.1, facing.0), 1000),              // turn one way
+        (pos, (-facing.1, -facing.0), 1000),            // turn other way
+        (pos, (-facing.0, -facing.1), 2000),            // turn around
+    ]
+}
+
+pub fn run(input: &str) -> Result<(usize, usize), ParseError> {
+    let map = Map::try_from(input)?;
+    let path = map.solve();
+    let first = path.0;
+    let second = path.1.len();
+    Ok((first, second))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::fs::read_to_string;
+
+    fn read_file(name: &str) -> String {
+        read_to_string(name).expect(&format!("Unable to read file: {name}")[..]).trim().to_string()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_sample() {
+        let sample_input = read_file("tests/sample_input");
+        assert_eq!(run(&sample_input), Ok((7036, 45)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_challenge() {
+        let challenge_input = read_file("tests/challenge_input");
+        assert_eq!(run(&challenge_input), Ok((101492, 543)));
+    }
+}

2024/day16_reindeer_maze/tests/challenge_input

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+#############################################################################################################################################
+#.......#...#.#.........#...#.........#.......#.................#...........#...............#.............#.......#.......#.#.............#E#
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2024/day16_reindeer_maze/tests/sample_input

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