Added Solution for 2023 day 11
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15
2023/day11_cosmic_expansion/Cargo.toml
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15
2023/day11_cosmic_expansion/Cargo.toml
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[package]
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name = "day11_cosmic_expansion"
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version = "0.1.0"
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edition = "2021"
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# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
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[dependencies]
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[dev-dependencies]
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criterion = "0.5.1"
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[[bench]]
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name = "test_benchmark"
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harness = false
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130
2023/day11_cosmic_expansion/challenge.txt
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130
2023/day11_cosmic_expansion/challenge.txt
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You continue following signs for "Hot Springs" and eventually come across an [observatory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observatory). The Elf within turns out to be a researcher studying cosmic expansion using the giant telescope here.
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He doesn't know anything about the missing machine parts; he's only visiting for this research project. However, he confirms that the hot springs are the next-closest area likely to have people; he'll even take you straight there once he's done with today's observation analysis.
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Maybe you can help him with the analysis to speed things up?
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The researcher has collected a bunch of data and compiled the data into a single giant *image* (your puzzle input). The image includes *empty space* (`.`) and *galaxies* (`#`). For example:
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```
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...#......
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.......#..
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#.........
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..........
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......#...
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.#........
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.........#
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..........
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.......#..
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#...#.....
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```
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The researcher is trying to figure out the sum of the lengths of the *shortest path between every pair of galaxies*. However, there's a catch: the universe expanded in the time it took the light from those galaxies to reach the observatory.
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Due to something involving gravitational effects, *only some space expands*. In fact, the result is that *any rows or columns that contain no galaxies* should all actually be twice as big.
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In the above example, three columns and two rows contain no galaxies:
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```
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v v v
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...#......
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.......#..
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#.........
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>..........<
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......#...
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.#........
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.........#
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>..........<
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.......#..
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#...#.....
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^ ^ ^
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```
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These rows and columns need to be *twice as big*; the result of cosmic expansion therefore looks like this:
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```
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....#........
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.........#...
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#............
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.............
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.............
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........#....
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.#...........
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............#
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.............
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.............
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.........#...
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#....#.......
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```
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Equipped with this expanded universe, the shortest path between every pair of galaxies can be found. It can help to assign every galaxy a unique number:
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```
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....1........
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.........2...
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3............
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.............
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.............
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........4....
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.5...........
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............6
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.............
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.............
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.........7...
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8....9.......
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```
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In these 9 galaxies, there are *36 pairs*. Only count each pair once; order within the pair doesn't matter. For each pair, find any shortest path between the two galaxies using only steps that move up, down, left, or right exactly one `.` or `#` at a time. (The shortest path between two galaxies is allowed to pass through another galaxy.)
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For example, here is one of the shortest paths between galaxies `5` and `9`:
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```
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....1........
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.........2...
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3............
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.............
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.............
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........4....
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.5...........
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.##.........6
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..##.........
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...##........
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....##...7...
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8....9.......
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```
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This path has length `*9*` because it takes a minimum of *nine steps* to get from galaxy `5` to galaxy `9` (the eight locations marked `#` plus the step onto galaxy `9` itself). Here are some other example shortest path lengths:
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* Between galaxy `1` and galaxy `7`: 15
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* Between galaxy `3` and galaxy `6`: 17
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* Between galaxy `8` and galaxy `9`: 5
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In this example, after expanding the universe, the sum of the shortest path between all 36 pairs of galaxies is `*374*`.
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Expand the universe, then find the length of the shortest path between every pair of galaxies. *What is the sum of these lengths?*
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Your puzzle answer was `10228230`.
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\--- Part Two ---
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----------
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The galaxies are much *older* (and thus much *farther apart*) than the researcher initially estimated.
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Now, instead of the expansion you did before, make each empty row or column *one million times* larger. That is, each empty row should be replaced with `1000000` empty rows, and each empty column should be replaced with `1000000` empty columns.
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(In the example above, if each empty row or column were merely `10` times larger, the sum of the shortest paths between every pair of galaxies would be `*1030*`. If each empty row or column were merely `100` times larger, the sum of the shortest paths between every pair of galaxies would be `*8410*`. However, your universe will need to expand far beyond these values.)
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Starting with the same initial image, expand the universe according to these new rules, then find the length of the shortest path between every pair of galaxies. *What is the sum of these lengths?*
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Your puzzle answer was `447073334102`.
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Both parts of this puzzle are complete! They provide two gold stars: \*\*
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At this point, you should [return to your Advent calendar](/2023) and try another puzzle.
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If you still want to see it, you can [get your puzzle input](11/input).
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75
2023/day11_cosmic_expansion/src/lib.rs
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75
2023/day11_cosmic_expansion/src/lib.rs
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use core::fmt::Display;
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use std::num::ParseIntError;
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#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
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pub enum ParseError<'a> {
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ParseIntError(std::num::ParseIntError),
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LineMalformed(&'a str),
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}
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impl From<ParseIntError> for ParseError<'_> {
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fn from(value: ParseIntError) -> Self {
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Self::ParseIntError(value)
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}
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}
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impl Display for ParseError<'_> {
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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
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match self {
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Self::LineMalformed(v) => write!(f, "Line is malformed: {v}"),
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Self::ParseIntError(e) => write!(f, "Unable to parse into integer: {e}"),
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}
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}
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}
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fn galaxies_from_image(input: &str, expansion: usize) -> Vec<(usize, usize)> {
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let mut row = 0;
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let mut galaxies = Vec::new();
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input.lines().for_each(|line| {
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let curr_line: Vec<_> = line.match_indices('#').collect();
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if curr_line.is_empty() {
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row += expansion;
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} else {
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curr_line.iter().for_each(|(col, _)| galaxies.push((row, *col)));
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row += 1;
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}
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});
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galaxies.sort_by(|a, b| b.1.cmp(&a.1));
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(0..galaxies.len()-1).for_each(|idx| {
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let diff = galaxies[idx].1 - galaxies[idx+1].1;
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if diff > 1 {
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galaxies.iter_mut().take(idx+1).for_each(|(_row, col)| *col += (diff-1)*expansion-1);
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}
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});
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galaxies
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}
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pub fn run(input: &str) -> Result<(usize, usize), ParseError> {
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let galaxies: Vec<_> = galaxies_from_image(input, 2);
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let first = galaxies.iter().enumerate().map(|(idx, (y1, x1))| galaxies.iter().skip(idx+1).map(|(y2, x2)| y1.abs_diff(*y2) + x1.abs_diff(*x2)).sum::<usize>()).sum();
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let galaxies: Vec<_> = galaxies_from_image(input, 1000000);
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let second = galaxies.iter().enumerate().map(|(idx, (y1, x1))| galaxies.iter().skip(idx+1).map(|(y2, x2)| y1.abs_diff(*y2) + x1.abs_diff(*x2)).sum::<usize>()).sum();
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Ok((first, second))
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}
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#[cfg(test)]
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mod tests {
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use super::*;
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use std::fs::read_to_string;
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fn read_file(name: &str) -> String {
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read_to_string(name).expect(&format!("Unable to read file: {name}")[..]).trim().to_string()
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}
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#[test]
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fn test_sample() {
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let sample_input = read_file("tests/sample_input");
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assert_eq!(run(&sample_input), Ok((374, 82000210)));
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}
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#[test]
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fn test_challenge() {
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let challenge_input = read_file("tests/challenge_input");
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assert_eq!(run(&challenge_input), Ok((10228230, 447073334102)));
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}
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}
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140
2023/day11_cosmic_expansion/tests/challenge_input
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140
2023/day11_cosmic_expansion/tests/challenge_input
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.....................................................................................#......#...............................................
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..#.....#.................................................................#........................#........................................
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...............................#...............................................................................#.....#......................
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.................................................#.............#...............................#...................................#........
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..............#......#.................#...............#............#.............#..........................................#..............
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.........................................................................................#.................#...............................#
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.#..........................................................................................................................................
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..........................#......#............................................#......#.................................#....................
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10
2023/day11_cosmic_expansion/tests/sample_input
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10
2023/day11_cosmic_expansion/tests/sample_input
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...#......
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.......#..
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#.........
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..........
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......#...
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.#........
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.........#
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..........
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.......#..
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#...#.....
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